managarten/docs/MANADECK_POSTGRES_MIGRATION.md

ManaDeck: Migration zu PostgreSQL + Drizzle ORM

Übersicht

Dieses Dokument beschreibt die Migration von ManaDeck von Supabase zu einer selbst-gehosteten PostgreSQL-Datenbank mit Drizzle ORM.

---

Aktuelle Architektur

┌─────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐
│  ManaDeck Web   │     │ ManaDeck Mobile │
│   (SvelteKit)   │     │     (Expo)      │
└────────┬────────┘     └────────┬────────┘
         │                       │
         └───────────┬───────────┘
                     │
         ┌───────────▼───────────┐
         │   ManaDeck Backend    │
         │      (NestJS)         │
         └───────────┬───────────┘
                     │
    ┌────────────────┼────────────────┐
    │                │                │
    ▼                ▼                ▼
┌────────┐    ┌──────────┐    ┌──────────┐
│Supabase│    │Mana Core │    │  OpenAI  │
│   DB   │    │  (Auth)  │    │   API    │
└────────┘    └──────────┘    └──────────┘

---

Ziel-Architektur

┌─────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐
│  ManaDeck Web   │     │ ManaDeck Mobile │
│   (SvelteKit)   │     │     (Expo)      │
└────────┬────────┘     └────────┬────────┘
         │                       │
         └───────────┬───────────┘
                     │
         ┌───────────▼───────────┐
         │   ManaDeck Backend    │
         │  (NestJS + Drizzle)   │
         └───────────┬───────────┘
                     │
    ┌────────────────┼────────────────┐
    │                │                │
    ▼                ▼                ▼
┌────────┐    ┌──────────┐    ┌──────────┐
│ PostgreSQL │ │Mana Core │  │  OpenAI  │
│  (Self)    │ │  (Auth)  │  │   API    │
└────────────┘ └──────────┘  └──────────┘

---

Datenbank-Schema

Tabellen

1. decks

CREATE TABLE decks (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  user_id UUID NOT NULL,  -- Mana Core User ID
  title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  description TEXT,
  cover_image_url TEXT,
  is_public BOOLEAN DEFAULT false,
  is_featured BOOLEAN DEFAULT false,
  featured_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
  settings JSONB DEFAULT '{}',
  tags TEXT[] DEFAULT '{}',
  metadata JSONB DEFAULT '{}',
  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
);

CREATE INDEX idx_decks_user_id ON decks(user_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_decks_is_public ON decks(is_public);
CREATE INDEX idx_decks_is_featured ON decks(is_featured);

2. cards

CREATE TABLE cards (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  deck_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES decks(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  position INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  title VARCHAR(255),
  content JSONB NOT NULL,
  card_type VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL CHECK (card_type IN ('text', 'flashcard', 'quiz', 'mixed')),
  ai_model VARCHAR(100),
  ai_prompt TEXT,
  version INTEGER DEFAULT 1,
  is_favorite BOOLEAN DEFAULT false,
  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
);

CREATE INDEX idx_cards_deck_id ON cards(deck_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_cards_position ON cards(deck_id, position);

3. study_sessions

CREATE TABLE study_sessions (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  deck_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES decks(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  user_id UUID NOT NULL,
  mode VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL CHECK (mode IN ('all', 'new', 'review', 'favorites', 'random')),
  total_cards INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  completed_cards INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  correct_cards INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  started_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
  completed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
  time_spent_seconds INTEGER DEFAULT 0
);

CREATE INDEX idx_study_sessions_user_id ON study_sessions(user_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_study_sessions_deck_id ON study_sessions(deck_id);

4. card_progress

CREATE TABLE card_progress (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  user_id UUID NOT NULL,
  card_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES cards(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  ease_factor DECIMAL(4,2) DEFAULT 2.5,
  interval INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
  repetitions INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
  last_reviewed TIMESTAMPTZ,
  next_review TIMESTAMPTZ,
  status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'new' CHECK (status IN ('new', 'learning', 'review', 'relearning')),
  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
  UNIQUE(user_id, card_id)
);

CREATE INDEX idx_card_progress_user_id ON card_progress(user_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_card_progress_next_review ON card_progress(next_review);

5. deck_templates

CREATE TABLE deck_templates (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  description TEXT,
  category VARCHAR(100),
  template_data JSONB NOT NULL,
  is_active BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,
  is_public BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,
  popularity INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
);

CREATE INDEX idx_deck_templates_category ON deck_templates(category);
CREATE INDEX idx_deck_templates_is_active ON deck_templates(is_active);

6. ai_generations

CREATE TABLE ai_generations (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  user_id UUID NOT NULL,
  deck_id UUID REFERENCES decks(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
  function_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  prompt TEXT NOT NULL,
  model VARCHAR(100),
  status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'pending' CHECK (status IN ('pending', 'completed', 'failed')),
  metadata JSONB DEFAULT '{}',
  completed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
);

CREATE INDEX idx_ai_generations_user_id ON ai_generations(user_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_ai_generations_status ON ai_generations(status);

7. user_stats (für Leaderboard)

CREATE TABLE user_stats (
  user_id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
  total_wins INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
  total_sessions INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
  total_cards_studied INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
  total_time_seconds INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
  average_accuracy DECIMAL(5,2) DEFAULT 0,
  streak_days INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
  last_study_date DATE,
  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
);

---

Drizzle Schema

Dateistruktur

manadeck/
├── packages/
│   └── database/                 # Neues shared database package
│       ├── src/
│       │   ├── schema/
│       │   │   ├── decks.ts
│       │   │   ├── cards.ts
│       │   │   ├── studySessions.ts
│       │   │   ├── cardProgress.ts
│       │   │   ├── deckTemplates.ts
│       │   │   ├── aiGenerations.ts
│       │   │   ├── userStats.ts
│       │   │   └── index.ts
│       │   ├── client.ts
│       │   ├── migrate.ts
│       │   └── index.ts
│       ├── drizzle/
│       │   └── migrations/
│       ├── drizzle.config.ts
│       ├── package.json
│       └── tsconfig.json

Schema-Definitionen (Drizzle)

schema/decks.ts

import { pgTable, uuid, varchar, text, boolean, timestamp, jsonb } from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core';

export const decks = pgTable('decks', {
	id: uuid('id').primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
	userId: text('user_id').notNull(),  // text, not uuid - Better Auth uses non-UUID IDs
	title: varchar('title', { length: 255 }).notNull(),
	description: text('description'),
	coverImageUrl: text('cover_image_url'),
	isPublic: boolean('is_public').default(false),
	isFeatured: boolean('is_featured').default(false),
	featuredAt: timestamp('featured_at', { withTimezone: true }),
	settings: jsonb('settings').default({}),
	tags: text('tags').array().default([]),
	metadata: jsonb('metadata').default({}),
	createdAt: timestamp('created_at', { withTimezone: true }).defaultNow(),
	updatedAt: timestamp('updated_at', { withTimezone: true }).defaultNow(),
});

export type Deck = typeof decks.$inferSelect;
export type NewDeck = typeof decks.$inferInsert;

schema/cards.ts

import {
	pgTable,
	uuid,
	varchar,
	text,
	integer,
	boolean,
	timestamp,
	jsonb,
} from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core';
import { decks } from './decks';

export const cardTypeEnum = pgEnum('card_type', ['text', 'flashcard', 'quiz', 'mixed']);

export const cards = pgTable('cards', {
	id: uuid('id').primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
	deckId: uuid('deck_id')
		.notNull()
		.references(() => decks.id, { onDelete: 'cascade' }),
	position: integer('position').notNull().default(0),
	title: varchar('title', { length: 255 }),
	content: jsonb('content').notNull(),
	cardType: cardTypeEnum('card_type').notNull(),
	aiModel: varchar('ai_model', { length: 100 }),
	aiPrompt: text('ai_prompt'),
	version: integer('version').default(1),
	isFavorite: boolean('is_favorite').default(false),
	createdAt: timestamp('created_at', { withTimezone: true }).defaultNow(),
	updatedAt: timestamp('updated_at', { withTimezone: true }).defaultNow(),
});

export type Card = typeof cards.$inferSelect;
export type NewCard = typeof cards.$inferInsert;

schema/index.ts

export * from './decks';
export * from './cards';
export * from './studySessions';
export * from './cardProgress';
export * from './deckTemplates';
export * from './aiGenerations';
export * from './userStats';

// Relations
export { decksRelations } from './decks';
export { cardsRelations } from './cards';

Client Setup

client.ts

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/postgres-js';
import postgres from 'postgres';
import * as schema from './schema';

const connectionString = process.env.DATABASE_URL!;

// For connection pooling in serverless environments
const client = postgres(connectionString, {
	max: 10,
	idle_timeout: 20,
	connect_timeout: 10,
});

export const db = drizzle(client, { schema });
export type Database = typeof db;

---

Migrationsschritte

Phase 1: Setup (Tag 1-2)

1.1 PostgreSQL Server aufsetzen

# Option A: Railway.app (empfohlen für Staging)
# Erstelle neues Projekt auf railway.app
# Füge PostgreSQL Plugin hinzu

# Option B: Docker lokal
docker run -d \
  --name manadeck-postgres \
  -e POSTGRES_USER=manadeck \
  -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secure_password \
  -e POSTGRES_DB=manadeck \
  -p 5432:5432 \
  postgres:16-alpine

# Option C: Neon.tech (Serverless)
# Erstelle neues Projekt auf neon.tech

1.2 Database Package erstellen

cd /Users/tillschneider/Documents/__00__Code/manacore-monorepo
mkdir -p packages/manadeck-database
cd packages/manadeck-database
pnpm init

1.3 Dependencies installieren

pnpm add drizzle-orm postgres
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit typescript @types/node

Phase 2: Schema & Migration (Tag 2-3)

2.1 Drizzle Schema erstellen

• Alle Tabellen wie oben definiert
• Relations definieren
• Indexes definieren

2.2 Initial Migration generieren

pnpm drizzle-kit generate
pnpm drizzle-kit migrate

2.3 Daten von Supabase exportieren

# In Supabase Dashboard: SQL Editor
# Export alle Tabellen als CSV oder pg_dump

# Oder via CLI:
pg_dump -h db.your-project.supabase.co \
  -U postgres \
  -d postgres \
  --data-only \
  --table=decks \
  --table=cards \
  --table=study_sessions \
  --table=card_progress \
  --table=deck_templates \
  --table=ai_generations \
  --table=user_stats \
  > manadeck_data.sql

Phase 3: Backend Migration (Tag 3-5)

3.1 Repository Pattern implementieren

// repositories/deck.repository.ts
import { db } from '@manadeck/database';
import { decks, cards } from '@manadeck/database/schema';
import { eq, and, or, desc } from 'drizzle-orm';

export class DeckRepository {
	async findAllByUser(userId: string) {
		return db.query.decks.findMany({
			where: eq(decks.userId, userId),
			orderBy: desc(decks.updatedAt),
			with: {
				cards: true,
			},
		});
	}

	async findById(id: string) {
		return db.query.decks.findFirst({
			where: eq(decks.id, id),
			with: {
				cards: {
					orderBy: (cards, { asc }) => [asc(cards.position)],
				},
			},
		});
	}

	async findPublicAndUserDecks(userId: string) {
		return db.query.decks.findMany({
			where: or(
				eq(decks.userId, userId),
				and(eq(decks.isPublic, true), eq(decks.isFeatured, true))
			),
			orderBy: desc(decks.updatedAt),
		});
	}

	async create(data: NewDeck) {
		const [deck] = await db.insert(decks).values(data).returning();
		return deck;
	}

	async update(id: string, userId: string, data: Partial<NewDeck>) {
		const [deck] = await db
			.update(decks)
			.set({ ...data, updatedAt: new Date() })
			.where(and(eq(decks.id, id), eq(decks.userId, userId)))
			.returning();
		return deck;
	}

	async delete(id: string, userId: string) {
		await db.delete(decks).where(and(eq(decks.id, id), eq(decks.userId, userId)));
	}
}

3.2 Service Layer aktualisieren

// services/deck.service.ts
import { DeckRepository } from '../repositories/deck.repository';

export class DeckService {
	constructor(private deckRepo = new DeckRepository()) {}

	async getUserDecks(userId: string) {
		return this.deckRepo.findPublicAndUserDecks(userId);
	}

	async getDeck(id: string) {
		return this.deckRepo.findById(id);
	}

	async createDeck(userId: string, data: CreateDeckInput) {
		return this.deckRepo.create({
			...data,
			userId,
		});
	}

	async updateDeck(id: string, userId: string, data: UpdateDeckInput) {
		return this.deckRepo.update(id, userId, data);
	}

	async deleteDeck(id: string, userId: string) {
		return this.deckRepo.delete(id, userId);
	}
}

Phase 4: Frontend Migration (Tag 5-7)

4.1 API Client erstellen (ersetzt Supabase SDK)

// lib/api/client.ts
import { getToken } from '$lib/auth';

const API_URL = import.meta.env.VITE_API_URL;

async function fetchApi<T>(endpoint: string, options: RequestInit = {}): Promise<T> {
	const token = getToken();

	const response = await fetch(`${API_URL}${endpoint}`, {
		...options,
		headers: {
			'Content-Type': 'application/json',
			...(token && { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }),
			...options.headers,
		},
	});

	if (!response.ok) {
		const error = await response.json();
		throw new Error(error.message || 'API Error');
	}

	return response.json();
}

export const api = {
	get: <T>(endpoint: string) => fetchApi<T>(endpoint),
	post: <T>(endpoint: string, data: unknown) =>
		fetchApi<T>(endpoint, { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(data) }),
	put: <T>(endpoint: string, data: unknown) =>
		fetchApi<T>(endpoint, { method: 'PUT', body: JSON.stringify(data) }),
	delete: <T>(endpoint: string) => fetchApi<T>(endpoint, { method: 'DELETE' }),
};

4.2 Deck Store migrieren

// stores/deckStore.svelte.ts
import { api } from '$lib/api/client';
import type { Deck, CreateDeckInput, UpdateDeckInput } from '$lib/types/deck';

function createDeckStore() {
	let decks = $state<Deck[]>([]);
	let currentDeck = $state<Deck | null>(null);
	let loading = $state(false);
	let error = $state<string | null>(null);

	return {
		get decks() {
			return decks;
		},
		get currentDeck() {
			return currentDeck;
		},
		get loading() {
			return loading;
		},
		get error() {
			return error;
		},

		async fetchDecks() {
			loading = true;
			error = null;
			try {
				decks = await api.get<Deck[]>('/api/decks');
			} catch (e) {
				error = e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Failed to fetch decks';
			} finally {
				loading = false;
			}
		},

		async fetchDeck(id: string) {
			loading = true;
			error = null;
			try {
				currentDeck = await api.get<Deck>(`/api/decks/${id}`);
			} catch (e) {
				error = e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Failed to fetch deck';
			} finally {
				loading = false;
			}
		},

		async createDeck(data: CreateDeckInput) {
			loading = true;
			error = null;
			try {
				const deck = await api.post<Deck>('/api/decks', data);
				decks = [deck, ...decks];
				return deck;
			} catch (e) {
				error = e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Failed to create deck';
				throw e;
			} finally {
				loading = false;
			}
		},

		async updateDeck(id: string, data: UpdateDeckInput) {
			loading = true;
			error = null;
			try {
				const deck = await api.put<Deck>(`/api/decks/${id}`, data);
				decks = decks.map((d) => (d.id === id ? deck : d));
				if (currentDeck?.id === id) currentDeck = deck;
				return deck;
			} catch (e) {
				error = e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Failed to update deck';
				throw e;
			} finally {
				loading = false;
			}
		},

		async deleteDeck(id: string) {
			loading = true;
			error = null;
			try {
				await api.delete(`/api/decks/${id}`);
				decks = decks.filter((d) => d.id !== id);
				if (currentDeck?.id === id) currentDeck = null;
			} catch (e) {
				error = e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Failed to delete deck';
				throw e;
			} finally {
				loading = false;
			}
		},
	};
}

export const deckStore = createDeckStore();

Phase 5: Testing & Cutover (Tag 7-10)

5.1 Integration Tests

// tests/deck.integration.test.ts
import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from 'vitest';
import { db } from '@manadeck/database';
import { decks } from '@manadeck/database/schema';
import { DeckService } from '../services/deck.service';

describe('DeckService', () => {
	const service = new DeckService();
	const testUserId = 'test-user-id';

	afterAll(async () => {
		await db.delete(decks).where(eq(decks.userId, testUserId));
	});

	it('should create a deck', async () => {
		const deck = await service.createDeck(testUserId, {
			title: 'Test Deck',
			description: 'A test deck',
		});

		expect(deck.id).toBeDefined();
		expect(deck.title).toBe('Test Deck');
	});

	it('should fetch user decks', async () => {
		const userDecks = await service.getUserDecks(testUserId);
		expect(userDecks.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
	});
});

5.2 Datenmigrations-Script

// scripts/migrate-data.ts
import { db as newDb } from '@manadeck/database';
import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';
import { decks, cards } from '@manadeck/database/schema';

const supabase = createClient(process.env.SUPABASE_URL!, process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY!);

async function migrateDecks() {
	console.log('Migrating decks...');

	const { data: supabaseDecks, error } = await supabase.from('decks').select('*');

	if (error) throw error;

	for (const deck of supabaseDecks) {
		await newDb
			.insert(decks)
			.values({
				id: deck.id,
				userId: deck.user_id,
				title: deck.title,
				description: deck.description,
				coverImageUrl: deck.cover_image_url,
				isPublic: deck.is_public,
				isFeatured: deck.is_featured,
				featuredAt: deck.featured_at,
				settings: deck.settings,
				tags: deck.tags,
				metadata: deck.metadata,
				createdAt: deck.created_at,
				updatedAt: deck.updated_at,
			})
			.onConflictDoNothing();
	}

	console.log(`Migrated ${supabaseDecks.length} decks`);
}

async function migrateCards() {
	console.log('Migrating cards...');

	const { data: supabaseCards, error } = await supabase.from('cards').select('*');

	if (error) throw error;

	for (const card of supabaseCards) {
		await newDb
			.insert(cards)
			.values({
				id: card.id,
				deckId: card.deck_id,
				position: card.position,
				title: card.title,
				content: card.content,
				cardType: card.card_type,
				aiModel: card.ai_model,
				aiPrompt: card.ai_prompt,
				version: card.version,
				isFavorite: card.is_favorite,
				createdAt: card.created_at,
				updatedAt: card.updated_at,
			})
			.onConflictDoNothing();
	}

	console.log(`Migrated ${supabaseCards.length} cards`);
}

async function main() {
	try {
		await migrateDecks();
		await migrateCards();
		// ... andere Tabellen
		console.log('Migration completed successfully!');
	} catch (error) {
		console.error('Migration failed:', error);
		process.exit(1);
	}
}

main();

---

Zeitplan

Phase	Beschreibung	Dauer	Status
1	Setup (PostgreSQL, Package)	1-2 Tage	⬜ Pending
2	Schema & Migration	1-2 Tage	⬜ Pending
3	Backend Migration	2-3 Tage	⬜ Pending
4	Frontend Migration	2-3 Tage	⬜ Pending
5	Testing & Cutover	2-3 Tage	⬜ Pending

Gesamtdauer: ~10-13 Tage

---

Checkliste

Pre-Migration

• PostgreSQL Server aufgesetzt
• Database Package erstellt
• Drizzle Schema definiert
• Initial Migration durchgeführt
• Supabase Daten exportiert

Backend

• Repository Pattern implementiert
• DeckRepository
• CardRepository
• StudySessionRepository
• CardProgressRepository
• DeckTemplateRepository
• AIGenerationRepository
• UserStatsRepository
• Service Layer aktualisiert
• Controller aktualisiert
• Authorization Middleware (ersetzt RLS)

Frontend

• API Client erstellt
• deckStore migriert
• Supabase imports entfernt
• Environment Variables aktualisiert

Testing

• Unit Tests für Repositories
• Integration Tests für Services
• E2E Tests für API
• Manual Testing aller Features

Cutover

• Daten migriert (Script ausgeführt)
• DNS/Environment umgestellt
• Rollback Plan dokumentiert
• Monitoring eingerichtet

---

Rollback Plan

Falls kritische Probleme auftreten:

1. Environment Variables zurücksetzen auf Supabase
2. Feature Flag für alte Implementierung aktivieren
3. DNS auf alten Service zeigen lassen

Supabase-Daten bleiben während der Migration unberührt.

---

Kosten nach Migration

Service	Geschätzte Kosten
PostgreSQL (Railway)	~$5-20/Monat
PostgreSQL (Neon Free)	$0/Monat
Backup (optional)	~$5/Monat
Gesamt	$5-25/Monat

vs. Supabase Pro: $25-300/Monat

---

Nächste Schritte

1. Entscheidung: PostgreSQL Hosting (Railway vs Neon vs Self-hosted)
2. Setup: Database Package im Monorepo erstellen
3. Schema: Drizzle Schema implementieren
4. Start: Phase 1 beginnen

Bereit zum Start?